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A markup language is a language understood by computers that can format the structure and presentation of a page or document. HTML and XML are two examples of markup language. 

Markup languages use unique tags or codes to indicate how a piece of text should be displayed or used in a way computers can understand. 

For example, HTML is a markup language used to create web pages, where tags like <p></p> indicate the start and end of a paragraph, or <h1></h1> indicate that the enclosed text should be the main heading of a page. 

Markup languages are different from programming languages, such as Javascript or PHP, which are used to create more complex instructions for a computer to execute.